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| Temple Emanu-El (Helena, Montana) ： ウィキペディア英語版 |
Temple Emanu-El (Helena, Montana)
Temple Emanu-El in Helena, Montana, United States, was the first Jewish synagogue to be constructed between St. Paul, Minnesota, and Portland, Oregon.〔 It was completed in 1891. The once-thriving Jewish community of Helena declined to the point that by the 1930s they could no longer maintain the building, and it was sold to the State of Montana, which added a second floor, converted it to office space and removed most religious symbolism from the building, though kept the unique stained glass windows. Eventually, the building fell into disuse by the state other than storage space, and so it was purchased by the Catholic Diocese of Helena, which owns it today and uses it to house their administrative offices. While the Jewish communities of Montana have always been small, they have become more active and visible in recent decades.
==Building history==
Construction of the temple began in 1890, with the cornerstone laid by Montana governor Joseph K. Toole, and was completed in 1891.〔 Architects Heinlein and Mathias used granite, porphyry and sandstone in the construction to create the building, which could hold as many as 500 people.〔 It is built in Neo-Romanesque style with keyhole windows and stained glass.〔 The original building also featured a 30-foot high ceiling in the sanctuary,〔 and two large "onion"-style domes outside capping the towers placed on either side of the front entrance,〔 making it an example of Moorish Revival architecture.〔 However, after the turn of the 20th century, the congregation fell upon hard economic times, and by the 1930s the Jewish population of Helena was too small to maintain the building.〔 The leader of the remaining congregation, Norman Winestine, arranged to sell off the organ and pews to the Seventh-Day Adventists,〔 and the State of Montana bought the temple itself for $1, promising to use the building for "a good and social purpose."〔 The state remodeled the building in 1935-1936, adding a second floor over what had been the sanctuary, removed the onion domes,〔 as well as most of the religious symbols on the exterior, some by sandblasting. The stained glass windows, however, were preserved.〔 The state used the building to house the offices of the Department of Social and Rehabilitation Services.〔 The temple was not actively used from 1976–1980, serving as a storage space for the Montana Historical Society.〔 Winestine, still living, feared it would be torn down.〔 But in 1980 the Catholic Diocese of Helena bought it for approximately $83,000,〔〔 and today it serves as the headquarters for the Diocese offices, and was placed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2000.〔 In 2001, a plaque commemorating the synagogue was placed on the outside of the building, which continues to be well-maintained by the Diocese.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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